Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal

High school (ages 12+)
History & Culture

Name:

Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/sebastio-jos-de-carvalho-e-melo-1st-marquis-of-pombal

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. When was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal born?May 13, 1699
2. Where was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal born?Lisbon, Portugal
3. What is the title granted?Count of Oeiras (1759), Marquis of Pombal (1769)
4. What is the key period of influence?Chief Minister to King Joseph I (1750-1777)
5. Who was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal?He was a Portuguese leader who helped rebuild Lisbon after a huge earthquake and made many changes to improve the country.
6. How did Pombal rebuild Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake?He organized relief, planned new streets in a grid pattern, built strong walls, and added wooden cages inside walls to help protect against future earthquakes.

Estrangeirado: A Portuguese person who lived abroad and adopted foreign customs and ideas.
Pombaline Style: An architectural and urban planning style developed after the 1755 earthquake, emphasizing seismic resistance and rational design.
Society of Jesus (Jesuits): A Catholic religious order known for its missionary work, education, and influence, which Pombal suppressed.
New Christians: Jews in Portugal who had converted to Christianity, often under duress, and their descendants.