Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal

High school (ages 12+)
History & Culture

Name:

Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/sebasti-o-jos-de-carvalho-e-melo-1st-marquis-of-pombal

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. When was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal born?1699
2. Where was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal born?Lisbon, Portugal
3. What is the related topics?The Enlightenment, Portuguese history, Urban planning, Seismic engineering, Absolutism
4. Who was Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal?He was a clever Portuguese leader who helped rebuild Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake and made many changes to strengthen Portugal.
5. What did Pombal do after the Lisbon earthquake?He redesigned the city with a neat grid of wide streets and built special earthquake‑proof houses called the "gaiola pombalina" to keep people safe.

Enlightenment: An 18th-century intellectual and cultural movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism.
Absolutism: A political system where a ruler holds total power, not restricted by laws or opposition.
Secularization: The process of separating state affairs and public education from religious institutions.