Industrialization

High school (ages 12+)
History & Culture

Name:

Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/industrialization

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. What is the geographical origin?Great Britain, beginning in the late 18th century
2. What is the primary energy sources?Initially coal, later supplemented and eventually surpassed by oil and electricity
3. What was the Industrial Revolution and where did it begin?The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid change that started in Great Britain in the late 18th century. It moved society from small, home‑based workshops to large factories that used machines to make goods.
4. Why did factories replace cottage industries?Factories could use new machines like the spinning jenny and power loom to produce textiles faster and cheaper. They also used steam engines, which let factories be built anywhere, not just near rivers.

Cottage Industry: A system of manufacturing where goods are produced in private homes, typically by hand.
Proletariat: The industrial working class, who sell their labor for wages and do not own the means of production.
Bourgeoisie: The capitalist class who own the means of production (factories, machinery) and employ wage laborers.
Second Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid industrial development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked by steel, electricity, and chemicals.