Face negotiation theory

High school (ages 12+)
Thinking & Learning

Name:

Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/face-negotiation-theory

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. What is the theory architect?Stella Ting-Toomey
2. What is the year of introduction?1985
3. What is 'face' in Face Negotiation Theory?Face is the image we show to others in one‑on‑one relationships. It changes as we talk and can feel hurt if others disagree.
4. Why do people use 'facework' when they disagree?People want to keep their self‑image safe. If face feels threatened, they act to protect or restore it.

Face: The socially constructed image of one's self that individuals present and seek to maintain in interactions.
Facework: The strategic communication behaviors employed to protect, enhance, or manage one's own or another's face.
Self-Face: The concern for one's own projected image, autonomy, and self-respect.
Other-Face: The concern for the projected image, respect, and face needs of others within a social interaction.