Cartagena Manifesto

High school (ages 12+)
History & Culture

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Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/cartagena-manifesto

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. Who wrote Cartagena Manifesto?Simón Bolívar, military and political leader
2. What is the geographic origin?Cartagena de Indias, a significant port city in present-day Colombia
3. What is the chronological placement?December 15, 1812, marking a critical juncture in the War of Independence
4. Why did Simón Bolívar write the Cartagena Manifesto?He wrote it after his first republic failed, to explain why it fell and to plan a better way to win against Spain.
5. What ideas did Bolívar share in the Cartagena Manifesto?He said the army needed to be united, the leaders must be strong and clear, and the people must support the fight.

First Republic of Venezuela: The initial period of Venezuelan independence (1811-1812) characterized by internal divisions and eventual collapse.
Conceptual Framework: The underlying structure of ideas and principles that form the basis of a theory or plan.
Strategic Reorientation: A fundamental change in the plans and methods used to achieve a particular goal.
Rhetoric: The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.