Carnation Revolution

High school (ages 12+)
History & Culture

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Date:

Step 1 · Read the article

Open the article and read it at the level above. Then answer the questions below in your own words.

https://smallwhale.org/articles/carnation-revolution

Write what each word means, using the article.

Do not copy the article. Write two things you learned, the way you would explain them to a friend.

Answers below are taken from the article’s stored facts, so they match what the student read.

1. How heavy is Carnation Revolution?Exodus of over a million Portuguese citizens ('retornados') from African territories
2. What is the revolution codename?Operation Historic Turn
3. What is the key organizing body?The Armed Forces Movement (MFA)
4. Why were carnations used in the revolution?Carnations were handed to soldiers by a cafe worker, and the flowers were put on rifles and uniforms, showing the people's support and turning the coup into a symbol of peace.
5. Who organized the Carnation Revolution?The revolution was organized by the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA), a group of junior and mid-ranking military officers who were unhappy with the dictatorship and the wars in Africa.

Estado Novo: The authoritarian corporatist dictatorship that governed Portugal from 1933 to 1974.
Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA): The clandestine organization of Portuguese military officers who planned and executed the Carnation Revolution.
Decolonization: The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
Retornados: Portuguese citizens who returned to Portugal from its former African colonies after independence.